How Do I Represent Myself? (2025)

  • How Do I Start a Case?
  • Avoiding Common Errors
  • Glossary
  • Additional Resources

If you begin a case as the plaintiff, or are brought into a case as a defendant, and you do not have a lawyer representing you, then you are "pro se," that is, you are representing yourself, and you are responsible for navigating the court system, following its rules and time deadlines, and learning what you need to do to reach your goals. Without a lawyer, no one is going to do this for you.

Representing yourself in an even “simple” case is NOT a simple feat. Filling out the forms and following unfamiliar legal steps requires tremendous amounts of patience and attention to detail. Any small misstep or error may bring unexpected and serious implications for your life and the lives of your family members. Additionally, the chance of losing the case is greater when you represent yourself in a case where the other party has an attorney. Therefore, we strongly urge you to give careful consideration about your decision to represent yourself in court. If you are considering the self-representation option due to financial reasons, we urge you to visit How Do I Find a Lawyer? for links to organizations that provide legal services free of charge or at substantially reduced rates for qualified individuals.

The following resources are provided to help you understand the basics of a court case as a self-represented litigant in civil and family cases. If you have a criminal or juvenile case, contact an attorney.

Keep in mind: only individuals can file a civil suit on their own behalf. Companies cannot represent themselves; they must obtain legal counsel.


How Do I Represent Myself? (1)



Preparing for & Attending Court

To make sure that you get all notices and papers in your case always update the Clerk of Court and the other party with your current address.

Make sure your witnesses know when to come to court, how to find the court or hearing room, and what they are expected to do during the court proceeding.

If you have to miss your court date because of an emergency, call the Assignment Office (240-777-9000) BEFORE you are scheduled to be in court.

On the day of your appearance in court:

  • Make sure you arrive at the Circuit Court early.
  • Check the television monitors in the lobby for the location of the courtroom or hearing room where your case is assigned. If your case is not listed, check with the Assignment Office on the 1st floor of the North Tower (next to the security station at the Maryland Avenue entrance).
  • Upon arrival at the courtroom or hearing room, check in with court personnel. If you are not in the courtroom or hearing room when your case is called, your case could be dismissed, or the Court could rule in favor of the other party.
  • Check to make sure that your documents and other evidence, and copies for the Court and the other party, are with you and are in order.

Avoiding Common Errors When Representing Yourself

ERROR: Papers are mailed by certified mail, and someone other than the responding party signs for them.

In order to be valid, service by certified mail must be restricted delivery; that is, only the responding party can sign for the papers.

ERROR: The party requesting relief fails to attach the Summons to the Affidavit of Service when filing it with the Court.

ERROR: The party requesting relief effectuates service him/herself.

YOU CANNOT SERVE THE OTHER SIDE YOURSELF. You can provide service one of several ways:

  • Sheriff
  • Private Process
  • Certified Mail
  • Download the Service of Process Brochure (PDF) for more details.

    ERROR: The responding party writes a letter to the judge that does not include a certificate of mailing.

    A letter without a "certificate of mailing" will not be accepted as an Answer in Montgomery County. It is recommended that the responding party use sample family law answer forms provided by the Maryland Courts.

    ERROR: The responding party does not specifically admit or deny individual allegations in the complaint/petition/motion.

    The Answer filed must contain a specific response admitting or denying each individual allegation.

    ERROR: The responding party fails to sign the Answer form and/or the Certificate of Service.

    The responding party must sign both the Answer form and the Certificate of Service to certify that a copy of the Answer was mailed to the opposing party.


    Additional Resources

    If you have questions about processing the forms or are unsure about whether it is wise to handle your case without a lawyer:

    Maryland Courts Self-Help Centers

    Free legal help with your Civil or Family matter

    How Do I Represent Myself? (2)

    410-260-1392

    8:30 am-8:00 pm, Monday-Friday

    Lawyers will answer questions on a full range of civil case types handled by both Circuit and District Courts. Legal issues include:

    • Landlord and Tenant Matters
    • Family Law Matters (divorce, custody, child support, and guardianship)
    • Small ($5,000 or less) and Large (over $5,000) Claims
    • Expungement and Shielding of Records
    • Consumer matters like car repossessions, debt collection, and credit card cases
    • Return of property (replevin and detinue) cases
    • Domestic Violence/Peace Orders
    • Foreclosure

    Not Seeing What You Are Looking For? Need Some Help?

    ViewOur FAQs
    How Do I Represent Myself? (2025)

    FAQs

    How Do I Represent Myself? ›

    Every person has the right to represent themselves in court. A “pro se litigant” is a person who is involved in litigation but not represented by an attorney. Instead, the person represents themselves, also sometimes referred to as a “self-represented litigant.”

    What does it mean to represent yourself? ›

    Every person has the right to represent themselves in court. A “pro se litigant” is a person who is involved in litigation but not represented by an attorney. Instead, the person represents themselves, also sometimes referred to as a “self-represented litigant.”

    How do we represent ourselves? ›

    Presenting yourself positively includes selecting the right clothing for the occasion and wearing it well, how you groom yourself, how you communicate with others be it using print, braille, and/or technology; and your social interactions.

    Is it ever a good idea to represent yourself? ›

    It is a good idea to have a lawyer to represent you. But, as we just explained, it is not always necessary or possible. You have a complicated case or a case that may become complicated (but keep in mind you may not always realize a case is or could be complicated without talking to a lawyer).

    How do you represent yourself in public? ›

    Here are some tips on how to introduce yourself in front of people: Be confident. Stand up straight, make eye contact, and smile. This will show your audience that you are confident and comfortable in front of them.

    What is the correct way to represent yourself? ›

    Seven Tips When Representing Yourself In Court
    1. Make a good impression. If you dress nicely, it tells the judge that you respect the courtroom and care about your case.
    2. Be respectful. ...
    3. Know what to ask. ...
    4. Arrive early. ...
    5. Tell your story. ...
    6. Come prepared. ...
    7. Use a lawyer if you need help.

    What is an example of self-representation? ›

    You may choose to represent yourself differently in different situations. Maybe you represent your athletic ability through competitive swimming. Maybe you represent your responsibility by taking care of a sibling after school. Maybe you represent your dependability by being on time for your job.

    How do I present myself? ›

    These steps will help you create an effective self-introduction:
    1. Summarize your professional standing. The first sentence of your self-introduction should include your name, job title or experience. ...
    2. Briefly explain your work experience and key accomplishments. ...
    3. End with a lead-in to the next part of the conversation.
    Apr 8, 2024

    How to portray yourself? ›

    Be gracious and polite. Doing little things can have a big impact on how you present yourself to others. Be sure to introduce yourself to people you don't know, whether at a business meeting or a casual party. Once you've said hello, make an effort to remember people's names.

    What not to say when representing yourself in court? ›

    If Representing Oneself, Ten Things to Never Say in Court
    1. “I'm going to appeal!” This can be interpreted as a threat, which is audaciously unwise, and very unlikely to make the judge change his or her order. ...
    2. “Whatever. ...
    3. “Huh?

    Why is it foolish to represent yourself? ›

    People who represent themselves lack specialized knowledge and experience. While attempting to plead their case, they may say things that hurt their case. For example, facts the accused believes support his case may not be a legal defense to the charge.

    What is the old saying about representing yourself? ›

    Those trained in the legal profession often point to a famous Abraham Lincoln quote when discussing pro se defendants: “The man who represents himself has a fool for a client.”

    How can I improve my self representation? ›

    6 Techniques To Boost Your Self-Representation
    1. Be Self-Confident. Speaking before a judge or entire courtroom isn't easy, especially if it's your first time in court. ...
    2. Be Honest. Get a Fair Hearing in Court. ...
    3. Be Patient. ...
    4. Tell a Story. ...
    5. Choose Your Words Wisely. ...
    6. Listen Actively, Despite Your Emotions.

    How does a person present themselves? ›

    Self presentation is any behavior or action made with the intention to influence or change how other people see you. Anytime we're trying to get people to think of us a certain way, it's an act of self presentation. Generally speaking, we work to present ourselves as favorably as possible.

    How to present yourself confidently? ›

    Key techniques include:
    1. Strong Start: Begin with a confident introduction to set the tone. ...
    2. Body Language: Use open, confident body language—stand tall, make eye contact, and avoid fidgeting.
    3. Pace Yourself: Speak at a steady pace.
    Mar 8, 2024

    What does it mean to be self represented? ›

    : the act or action of serving as one's own lawyer in a legal matter especially in court.

    What is it called when you represent yourself? ›

    Pro se actually means “for himself,” and in legal terms it means a person represents himself/herself in court when either filing an action or responding to an action without the assistance of an attorney. Pro se litigants are held to the same standard as attorneys.

    What is the saying about representing yourself? ›

    Those trained in the legal profession often point to a famous Abraham Lincoln quote when discussing pro se defendants: “The man who represents himself has a fool for a client.”

    What does it mean when someone is representing you? ›

    If someone such as a lawyer or a politician represents a person or group of people, they act on behalf of that person or group. ...the politicians we elect to represent us. [ VERB noun]

    Top Articles
    Latest Posts
    Recommended Articles
    Article information

    Author: Otha Schamberger

    Last Updated:

    Views: 6524

    Rating: 4.4 / 5 (55 voted)

    Reviews: 94% of readers found this page helpful

    Author information

    Name: Otha Schamberger

    Birthday: 1999-08-15

    Address: Suite 490 606 Hammes Ferry, Carterhaven, IL 62290

    Phone: +8557035444877

    Job: Forward IT Agent

    Hobby: Fishing, Flying, Jewelry making, Digital arts, Sand art, Parkour, tabletop games

    Introduction: My name is Otha Schamberger, I am a vast, good, healthy, cheerful, energetic, gorgeous, magnificent person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.